International operations of cities and WTO

A & ecirc exist; INSTANCE of establishing & ccedil; & otilde, international es able to offer pair & acirc; meters to guide the behavior of international actors rely on some points: to exist & ecirc; INSTANCE interests M & uacute; tuos, & ccedil one relationship; & HAND among the actors in the long term and reciprocity between the actors according to the standard & otilde; s collectively determined (Woods 2001). Once present these points, It becomes poss & iacute; vel mapping is & ccedil; and the trend & ecirc; TRENDS that tend & atilde, the way to help & ccedil; & atilde, the future of the international system and, therefore, PR & oacute; Pria R & oacute; marker gene that á the behavior of international actors.

O p international system COLLISION Cold War s-, in this sense, & Eacute; deeply marked by turns & ccedil; & otilde, structural s leading & aggravate; reinterpretarmos need for the relationship & ccedil; & otilde; s International. The emergence of new actors – as & eacute; the case of sub-national actors – the significant increase in import & acirc; INSTANCE of econ agenda & FLYING; mica as a guiding principle of the various forms of insertion & ccedil; & otilde; s International (Gilpin 1987), what can be seen today & eacute; the need to develop new alternatives, aimed at maximizing & ccedil; & atilde, the potential created.

Globalization & ccedil; & atilde, the

The new conditions & ccedil; & otilde; s opened by the end of the Cold War and the consolidated & ccedil; & atilde; the of fen & FLYING, less connected & aggravate; called globalization & ccedil; & atilde, the (financial and productive) created conditions & ccedil; & otilde; es that, even greatly being heirs to the international structure of the past, Quest & deepen otilde; s & ecirc as interdepend; INSTANCE & FLYING econ; Mica.

In this sense, fen & FLYING; mention of globalization & ccedil; & atilde; the & eacute; marked primarily by THREE s points:

(1) Internationalize & ccedil; & atilde, the: increased sex & ccedil; & otilde; es between states as a result of investment flows and & eacute; Commerce; this process & eacute; facilitated by inter-governmental agreements and pol & iacute; typical gift & eacute; sticas directed to its easy & ccedil; & atilde, the;

(2) Revolution & ccedil; & Atilde o tecnol & oacute; gica: the advanced & ccedil the technological & oacute; cal (satélites, internet, computers) He made the dist & acirc factors; INSTANCE and Location ccedil; & atilde, the lost part of its centrality;

(3) Liberalize & ccedil; & Atilde o: these are the pol & iacute; geared & optical worse government; decreases & ccedil; & atilde, the state's role in economy (deregulates & ccedil; & atilde, the, privatize & ccedil & atilde; or, trade liberalization).

As a result, was increased interdepend & ecirc; INSTANCE and interconnectivity, leading & aggravate; raises & ccedil; & atilde, the sensitivity of the various international actors on the quest & otilde; es involving directly or even indirectly. In this scenario, came increased pressure & atilde; the for the establishment of establishing & ccedil; & otilde, international es able to promote greater regulates & ccedil; & atilde, the, & cooperates ccedil & atilde; and the predictability of otilde & quest; is & FLYING econ; micas International – as & eacute; the case of the GATT / WTO.

New cen á international river

In view of the current cen á international river, the result of the contest announced ccedil; & atilde; econ & FLYING; mica be & aacute; dependent on four factors: (1) technological capacity & oacute; gica; (2) access to a large, integrated market; (3) difference ccedil &; the production & ccedil costs; & atilde, the on-site production & ccedil; & atilde; e at points of sale; e (4) capacity pol & iacute; tica of establishing & ccedil; & otilde, national and supranational es perform tasks linked to econ & FLYING growth; mico of their respective á areas.

On the other hand, the Organized & ccedil & otilde; is International[1] v & ecirc; in increasingly assuming a position & ccedil; & atilde; the emphasis on relationship & ccedil; & otilde, international es Contemporáneo & acirc; neas. Al & eacute; m das purposes spec RIVER ficas das organized & ccedil; & otilde; it is, States seek to join these organized & ccedil; & otilde; s given the current set & ccedil; & atilde; the international system, in which there is a certain homogeneity of macro-trend & ecirc; TRENDS which solidify these organizes & ccedil; & otilde; es. Thus States seek, through organizing & ccedil; & otilde; s International, to participate, Modify, to influence, to anticipate, and / or predict inch & iacute; to give & topical HAND & aggravate the course; international order.

OMC

The policymakers p & oacute; s-World War II were convinced that one reason & otilde; es that brought the world one of the greatest conflicts of historical & oacute; ria of humanity was the trade dispute waged by major pa & iacute; ses that per & iacute; odo (Seitenfus 2000, 159-60); this created on GATT, in order to create a set of rules that could reduce tension & otilde; s International.

With the passage of time and the substantial increase in international trade flows GATT proved devoid of the necessary mechanisms & aacute; rivers for the treatment of quest & otilde; es and econ & FLYING disputes; tamarin commercial. In this way, arises in the Uruguay Round 1994 which had as its agenda the reduction & ccedil; & atilde, the more of a take & ccedil, the tariffs for all products, agr including RIVER tails, AT & eacute; the year 2000; Insert & ccedil & atilde; the new issues to negotiate & ccedil & atilde; or; and liberalizes & ccedil; & atilde; the service & ccedil sector; the. From that moment and establishing & ccedil; & atilde; the one & oacute; rg & atilde; the Solu & ccedil; & atilde; the Controv & eacute; rsias, o GATT, ap & oacute; s middle s & eacute; culo activities, d á place & aggravate; consolidates & ccedil; & atilde; the one organized & ccedil; & atilde; the fact s j & uacute; to: to Organize & ccedil; & atilde, the World With & eacute; Commerce (OMC).

A challenge faced by WTO and carries influ & ecirc; INSTANCE the channel with & eacute; global commerce and local & eacute; the quest & atilde; that the pa & iacute; ses less developed world continue to claim for special treatment, both on their access to developed markets and central, as on rates & atilde duty; protect their markets. For this is made necessary & aacute; rio further strengthening of pa & iacute; ses developing – as & eacute; the case of Brazil –, which can occur in the face of acts & ccedil; & atilde, the more participatory by the munic & iacute; pious, that is, It would be up to munic & iacute; pious identifies & ccedil; & atilde, the local business demands, seeking to enhance these demands through institutional channels gift & eacute; sticos and WTO mechanisms (panels).

Once understood the din & acirc; & econ mica FLYING, international mica, should move to an á lysis their institutionalized MAKE-HANDS, the, that is, & Eacute; the n & iacute; level of organizing & ccedil; & otilde; s International which is a materializes & ccedil; & atilde, the major rules and trend & ecirc, international TRENDS.

 & Ldquo; In his n & iacute; level of abstraction higher & ccedil; & atilde, the, in the MAKE-HANDS, the frame of a REFER & ecirc; INSTANCE or a historical & oacute structure; rich & eacute; a portrait of a particular set & ccedil; & atilde; for the & ccedil; the. This sets MAKE-HANDS; n & HAND determines the & ccedil; & otilde; s in any direction MAKE-HANDS, or the MEC & acirc form; single, imp & but otilde; and pressure & otilde; s constraints and. The twin & iacute; duals or groups can be moved according to the pressure & otilde; s or resist and oppose them, but n & atilde, the can ignor & aacute; -Las (…). THREE s classes is MAKE-the (with expression & HAND potential) a structure interact: material possibilities, id & eacute; ias and establishing & ccedil; & otilde; es” (Cox 1986, p. 217-8).

& Eacute; important to analyze the relation & ccedil; & atilde; that of munic & iacute; Brazilian pious with the WTO. This is due predominantly to the fact that the pol & iacute; and optical resolutions & ccedil; & otilde; es that organizes & ccedil; & atilde, directly affect local economies and all their respective supply chains. In this way it makes it necessary á river groups is & ccedil; & atilde; econ & FLYING; mica, commercial and domestic production know how to deal with the facts of reality that the WTO involves.

Thus, o propósito central de uma abordagem nesta perspecitva é desenvolver os canais que possibilitem aos entes federados brasileiros criarem mecanismos capazes de antecipar aos seus quadros políticos internos as políticas comerciais que lhes afetarão num futuro próximo, and to prepare sufficiently effective means for a transition MAKE-HANDS; e suit MAKE-HANDS, the less costly and more advantageous & aggravate; s rules and standard & otilde; s established for that organizes MAKE-HANDS, the, since the relationship & ccedil; & atilde; the time-cost tends to be increased, that is, rulers have & atilde, the more time to consolidate the process of change & ccedil; the, allowing a better absorption MAKE-HANDS, the pressure of the & otilde; s by changing MAKE-the.