For a fresh look at democracy

Gr & eacute; cia Antiga. Here is the moment in which discourse and pr & aacute; tica Democrat & aacute; optical gain contours in the minds of citizens & atilde; the. N & atilde, the few times pointed to the distinction & ccedil; & atilde; between the citizens & atilde; and the slaves who tore Greek society. Much time has passed since then & atilde; and now the slaves and democracy s & atilde; the two things INCOMPAT & iacute; LEVELS. That was in fun & ccedil; & atilde; the universalization & ccedil; & atilde; the demos, at least in speech.

A recente onda de defesa dos direitos humanos e da cidadania, al & eacute; m the important quest & otilde; es that brings itself, should force us to rethink the meaning of democracy. When we defend the right & aggravate; free expression & atilde; or the right & aggravate; life or when we defend the right to have rights (as taught in Hannah Arendt) & Eacute; because the citizens & atilde; n & atilde; it as no such. This means that the demos n & atilde, the passing of a cluster of people attached to a territory & oacute; River.

Power & iacute; masters say that the social contract ended? Quando eu e tu delegamos nosso poder ao Leviatã que não é mais imparcial o contrato acabou ou mudou de natureza? The social structure in the custody of the Democrat & aacute values; ticos should be able to balance a din Fashion & acirc; mica and uninterrupted the difference ccedil &; the power indiv & iacute; duos and groups. Quando isto não ocorre e o contrato social está, no minimum, in crisis, we must break with democracy form or seek their maintenance & ccedil; & atilde; the same if it means the possibility of injustice & ccedil; the pol & iacute; optical Eternal? Either way we should follow?

For these disturbing d respondermos STILL lives, we should step back and recover concepts, if today s & atilde; regarded as the subs & iacute pure; phyla & oacute heats; physical, were instrumental in deed & ccedil; & atilde, the we today insist on calling company. At first without worrying about frameworks you & oacute; rich, think a little freedom.

For the slave was to let this condition & ccedil; & atilde, the going to be the controller of your A & ccedil; & otilde; es; for transient p & eacute; the ability to walk the paths you want; for the artist & eacute; be able to do the work you want, criticizing what you want provided you adhere to the conv & iacute; social vio. Like this, we see that freedom n & atilde; the & eacute; something given itself, Your & uacute; single character & iacute; fixed stica & eacute; is a verb, whose contours are & oacute; be & atilde, the data on the relationship between & quot; I" and & quot; all" (can mean & establishing ccedil; & otilde; s & inch iacute; topical, social, jur & iacute; tips or econ & FLYING; mica and group of people or indiv & iacute; duo).

What this discussion & atilde, the on freedom has to do with the quality of today's democracy? When we understand democracy as choice of rulers, something increasingly common, all we need & eacute; universal suffrage. When it happens, held an aristocratic government á tico little vari á vel which purports to express & atilde; the will of the demos. In fact, T & ecirc rulers; m legitimacy (They were elected to leg & iacute way; last), however his government n & atilde, the legitimacy has since n & atilde, the is founded on the will of the demos.

This confusion & HAND between the rulers and ruled j á comes from the Mon & aacute times; rquicos, when the ruler had the legitimacy of his authority and acts in God, that is, & aggravate an external entity; unit pol & iacute; tica in question & atilde; the. In this state, the conditions & ccedil; & atilde; the m & aacute; xima who had people, with exception & ccedil; & atilde; the king, A s was STILL appropriations. Like this, was set with freedom in view of this condition MAKE-HANDS, the. However, at the time that the king loses its legitimacy abroad and begins to depend on a legitimacy that is dento unit pol & iacute; tica, things change.

At first the legitimacy came from few and, over time, It has been expanding at & eacute; reaching almost universality of the people of a particular unit pol & iacute; tica. More than inaugurate new ways of choosing the rulers and governing, such change & ccedil, the changes caused a & ccedil; & atilde, the fundamental condition in & ccedil; & atilde; the s & uacute, said. This no longer be so characterized, winning the status of citizens & atilde; the. Like this, their freedom was defined based on this new condition & ccedil; & atilde, the.

The citizens & atilde, the, member demo and limited by state, It has the character & iacute; sticas his freedom changed following the bounds of demo, hair instrumentalized state apparatus. In order to make this instrumentalizes & ccedil; & atilde; vi & aacute; vel, it was decided to choose a few that should transform voices and diffuse wills pol & iacute; broad and universal optical. Admittedly, sometimes, these translators (known as rulers) They should ignore some of these voices and wishes to preserve the state apparatus, to be & aacute; used by generating & ccedil; & otilde; s future (for this we have the difference ccedil &; to between C & acirc; mara of Representatives and the Senate).

From the moment that our voice comes down to the power to vote, and more, this happens to be our main right / obligation & ccedil; & atilde, the inside of the Democrat & aacute system; tico, we no longer have our freedom defined in relation & ccedil; & atilde; to the demos for t & ecirc; -la in relation MAKE-HANDS, the system to a. The danger of this trading conditions & ccedil; & otilde; s & eacute; what, aceita to democracy as a political system RIVER; tico, We lost the right to have rights and spent the s & oacute; have met those demands & quot; allowed" by the system¹.

If this changes the nature of the citizens & atilde, the, also & eacute; m makes the ruler. N & HAND by the least, increasingly populates & ccedil; & atilde, the points as good rulers good administrator. N & atilde, the most important the ability to transform voices and wills pol & iacute; optical, order & uacute; single est & aacute; the good management & atilde; the state apparatus with a obsess & atilde; Mad for Balance & iacute; brios cont á beis. Like this, the success of the ruling shall be measured in terms monet & aacute; n & atilde and rivers; the more social or even pol & iacute; ticos.

When this occurs, again the legitimacy of the rule & eacute; withdrawal unit pol & iacute; topical, returning to something external and abstract (before God, agora or equil RIVER brio da m & MACHINE SHOP). If the legitimacy of the leaves demos (n & atilde, being for choice of rulers), then & atilde; we can say that it loses AT & eacute; even the possibility of the right to have rights to be universally applied, summing up to a new condition & ccedil; & atilde, the, more in line with the new structure organizes MAKE-HANDS; pol & iacute; typical social-, consumer the.

Other explains & ccedil; & otilde; es, covering more ways f & aacute; CEIs this we are to go, j á & got worse; same conclusion & atilde; the (that citizens & atilde; the were replaced & iacute; by the consumer). What & eacute; the advantage of this then we travel & atilde way, the? Perhaps the most important reason & eacute; the he gives us & aacute; greater clarity of the current frame. The simple notes & ccedil; & atilde, the change this & ccedil; for the consumer n & atilde; in the help to understand the map and how we got here, becoming a vis & atilde, the fatalist that turns a contest & ccedil; & atilde, the fixed reality when, as a matter of fact, & Eacute; in & acirc; small.

A first conclusion & atilde, the we can come & eacute; that democracy n & atilde; est & aacute; in crisis, it continues to be a good way of choosing leaders. The measures taken for these also & eacute; n & m atilde; s & atilde, the wrong as are the legitimacy necessary á ria to be applied. What is á in crisis & eacute; sist the response & ecirc; mica social structure.

Our social structures s & atilde, the hierarchically organized to best channel the difference ccedil &; social. The incr & iacute; vel increased social density in & uacute; s past & eacute; glasses supercharged these structures to the point of transforming difference ccedil &; the inequalities. As these v & ecirc; in the heart & ccedil; & atilde, the society, s & atilde, quickly accepted and naturalized. & Eacute; the operating syst & ecirc; mico that this problem should be solved or, at least, minimized. As the legitimacy factor rule is & aacute; outside the unit pol & iacute; tica, the search Balance & iacute; n & atilde barium; v & contemplates that iacute; structural cesium.

these inequalities, achieve without proper treatment, continue to increase j á that social density & eacute; increasing. Thus, even if democracy is replaced & iacute; the systems for pol & iacute; ticos authoritarian & aacute; rivers, or problems persist & aacute; j & aacute; that simple move & ccedil; a pol RIVER system; tico n & atilde; or imply & aacute;, necessarily, retrieves the MAKE-HANDS, in the centrality demos. Instead, systems authority & aacute; s & modern rivers HAND & directed the worse; search for greater EFIC & ecirc; nce in the treatment of the state apparatus.

The democracy that we, problem & aacute; tica and incomplete, certainly n & atilde; the & eacute; enough to reverse the current state of our society. However, j á was able to solve one of the problems that have & iacute; masters to face, namely, one m & eacute; all the good wide choice of rulers. The big problem with which we must work now & eacute; the source of legitimacy of rule. Abandon all Democr & aacute system; optical & Why Not ecirc; one of its parts n & atilde, the answer the way you like & iacute; masters & eacute; a greater error than to leave things as is & atilde; the.

To recover the centrality of demos the legitimate & ccedil; & atilde; the rule, we need to strengthen n & atilde; s & oacute; organizes & ccedil; & atilde; sa civil society, but above all the articulates & ccedil; & atilde, the between the parties, aiming at the possibility of them to express themselves as a whole, while they can preserve their specificities. When we are concerned only the organizing & ccedil; & atilde, the, forgetting the articulates & ccedil; & atilde, the (very common thing), further deepen the v & iacute; heats sist & ecirc; tamarins indicated above, since those groups start to fight within the state machine to achieve the m á ximo poss & iacute; ble. In this zero-sum game, the advancement & ccedil; the one, necessarily mean the decline of another.

& Eacute; n & atilde important, the confuse the need to promote organizing & ccedil; & atilde, the civil society with welfare. We should reject the standard & atilde, the adopted state-paternalistic since it was Vargas since this promotes an organization & ccedil; & atilde, the dependent state and without articulates & ccedil; & atilde, the between the parties. Associates & ccedil; & otilde; es and commercial neighborhood, and clubs make special mention in this process to achieve a first local planning. Must channel local demands, articulating them with the development guidelines of the city and to build capacity as plaintiffs pol & iacute; p & optical uacute; Republics and n & atilde; the largesse of the State.

Part of this work articulates & ccedil; & atilde, the can be developed by associates & ccedil; & otilde; s civil society (NGOs) specially designed and structured for it, Rather than controlling the agenda of discussion & otilde; es and ccedil &; & otilde; es, these associates & ccedil; & otilde; s has the role of catalyst and agenda of potentiating. Even so, & Eacute; essential that these are transparent and open in order to avoid poss & iacute; LEVELS v & iacute; operating heats.

The part & ccedil; & atilde; the state should be instrumental, providing conditions & ccedil; & otilde; s f & iacute; silicas of operation of such processes articulated MAKE-HANDS, the. Usually this & eacute; translated into offers & ccedil; & atilde; the SPACE; for the meetings, also & eacute; m transportation can mean, cess & atilde, the T & eacute; cnicos, small amounts to the material and feeds MAKE-HANDS, the, among others. While this is dif & iacute; cil access, the more organized and articulated are groups, be bigger & atilde; the possibility of achieving the.

Manufacturers can take advantage of the traditional organized & ccedil; & atilde, the funcion of its á rivers to, from it, promote projects aimed at fashion & ccedil; & atilde, the wide this funcion & aacute; rio. In other words, & Eacute; necessary that the corporate business & aacute; rio conceive their funcion á rivers first as citizens & atilde; and then as the funcion á rivers. This change & ccedil, the mentality also & eacute; m serves the production goals, allowing greater integrates & ccedil; & atilde; with the company, & ecirc increasing trend; INSTANCE & aggravate; fidelity.

Power & iacute; masters continue our list, identifying some character & iacute; fundamental sticas of each social group and thinking how they serve our prop & oacute; ments. However, each must find your pr & oacute; prizes ways mainly because, however signaled that is the road, s & oacute; to go & atilde; those who really want.

__________________________

¹ Devemos pensar no novo papel da criança/adolescente baseado nestes processo que levaram à profundas alterações na estrutura social brasileira. É através de uma análise cuidadosa de suas características e velocidades de implementação que teremos uma melhor compreensão da necessidade de criar leis que possam proteger os indivíduos, neste caso as crianças e os adolescentes.

² Para maiores esclarecimentos sobre o significado de cada uma destas penas, see the article 112 e seguintes do ECA.

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Test – especially by the media and elites committed to democracy 2001