CategoryArticles in newspapers / magazines

International operations of cities: origins and purpose

01/12/2005 0 By Rodrigo Cintra
Cities & T ecirc; m increasingly involved actively in the quest & otilde; s International, T & ecirc; m seeking an increase in their insertion & ccedil; & atilde; e & ccedil acts; & atilde; international, seeking to take advantage of potential or, on a smaller scale, influence the pr & oacute; pria din & acirc; & mica the relationship ccedil; & otilde; s International. Interestingly, this process occurs in v á holiday around the world with a relatively small lag. In Europe the process data in your & iacute; cio, about everything, in the late 1980; while Am & eacute; & eat rich Latin ccedil, the experience that the fen & FLYING; meno from the d & eacute; each 1990, even though he only appears as a fen & FLYING; denser mention the d & eacute; each following.

When we consider that the acts & ccedil; & atilde, the international est & aacute cities; inserted in a context in which realizes a strong brand interdepend & ecirc; international INSTANCE and making an incipient Awareness & ecirc, the common belonging to a same world INSTANCE, h á that questioning the real reasons for this lag acts & ccedil; & atilde, the.

A first explains & ccedil; & atilde, the poss & iacute; vel, and more orthodox, would be in condition & ccedil; & atilde; the outskirts of Latin American cities. In this sense, the center would occupy the vanguard role and the periphery only accompany the process once started. The problem with this perception & ccedil; & atilde; the & eacute; she largely ignores the pr & oacute; pria din & acirc; mica of the current international system. As much as we like to think even under the center-periphery prism, duty & iacute; masters take into account that there is such a interdepend & ecirc; INSTANCE and moves MAKE-HANDS, the goods and id & eacute; ias, that the movements of one and the other should only differentiate in intensity and format, but n & atilde; in the nature.

Another poss & iacute; vel explains & ccedil; & atilde, the pass by motivates & ccedil; & otilde; s motion to ccedil &; & atilde; international cities, something which could be considered a shallow and sustained fad. This means that some mayors, glimpsing the potential opened by international, or even bringing their governments some experi & ecirc; TRENDS past, would offer a certain prefer & ecirc; INSTANCE for ccedil &; & otilde; s International. Although this explains & ccedil; & atilde, the Stop & ccedil; to be partially true in the case of cities that begin with the first one acts & ccedil; & atilde; international, n & atilde; the & eacute; SUSTAINABLE á vel when we analyze the case of cities that j & aacute; is & HAND the developing such a & ccedil; & otilde; s & h abstract; some time, surpassing the limits of a management & atilde, or even of the management & otilde; es from the same party – as & eacute; clearly the case of S & atilde; Paul.

Another poss & iacute; vel explains & ccedil; & atilde; passes by pr & oacute; &'d put ccedil; & atilde; pol & iacute; tica. The acts & ccedil; & atilde; international means an increase of the local agenda, so that once exclusive problems – at least in their treatment – national governments, now become part of local debates. This expand the agenda pol & iacute; tica site, in the sense that here & eacute; discussed, can be the result of pressure & otilde; s by the pr & oacute; prion constituency, or & atilde then, the results from the MAKE-HANDS, the deliberate rulers.

Know-is that participates & ccedil; & atilde, or Pol & iacute; tica na Am & eacute; rica Latina, as well as other pa & iacute; ses with econ & FLYING development; social tamarin more incipient, & Eacute; low. The mobilizes & ccedil; & atilde, the citizens of & atilde, and the sectors are d & aacute; diffuse and unevenly. If this is true, & Eacute; poss & iacute; vel entertained the possibility of the second explains & ccedil; & atilde, the be partially correct, that is, local Latin American governments would be respons á LEVELS & uacute; last the way & ccedil; & atilde; the international agenda of cities, basing, at least initially, to inspire & ccedil; & otilde; s coming from elsewhere. That would explain the difference ccedil &; the time between acts & ccedil; & atilde, the europ & eacute; ia and Latin American.

The fact that the pr & aacute; tica acts & ccedil; & atilde; international cities start, If no Latin-American, in fun & ccedil; & atilde, the forging of a book by the rulers, more than as a result of pressure & atilde; the coming of the pr & oacute; pria society, certainly has impacts on pr & oacute; pria R & oacute; gica of acts & ccedil; & atilde, the cities. Such discussion & atilde; the & eacute; important in that it seeks to increase the growth of part & ccedil; & atilde, the Democrat & aacute; tica in determines & ccedil; & atilde; e vege & ccedil; & atilde, the agendas pol & iacute; optical.

A drive & ccedil; & Atilde, a problem Dessa & aacute; tica, although n & atilde, the exclusively for the Latin American case, has traversed the id & eacute; ia that extends MAKE-HANDS, the local calendar is d á in fun & ccedil; & atilde; the conflu & ecirc; INSTANCE two factors: (1) interdepend & ecirc; INSTANCE and (2) proximity between the citizen & atilde; and the city.
In this sense, & Eacute; common perception & ccedil; & atilde, the second which & ldquo; people live in the city, and n & HAND state or in the uni HANDS; the & rdquo;. However, however is & ccedil, the ret & oacute; rich to save this perception & ccedil; & atilde, the, & Eacute; must advance & ccedil; air a little more in its meaning. & Eacute; true that the citizens & atilde; the live in the city, but it & eacute; T & atilde; the real as the id & eacute; that would live in the state or even the federates & ccedil; & atilde, the. & Eacute; necessary & aacute; rio make a differentiates & ccedil; & atilde, the power between the pol & iacute; tico, which controls the territory & oacute; river and the territory & oacute; river itself.

The division of obligations and competences is an important element to confirm the idea of ​​overlapping political and administrative levels. While the maintenance of traffic routes is the responsibility of the city halls, public security is a competence of the state. To say that the citizen lives in the city and that the state is distant, & Eacute;, by conseq & Nuuml; & ecirc; nce, state that the citizens & atilde; est & aacute; away from the safety MAKE-p & uacute; Republic.

The quest & HAND the core being discussed at the moment & eacute; on the nature and intended & ccedil; & atilde; about different inch & iacute; p & optical uacute; Republics. In some cases h & aacute; & convergence ecirc; INSTANCE (Schools & ccedil; & atilde, the, sa STILL of, transport), while in others h á separating MAKE-HANDS; e & independ ecirc; INSTANCE (safety & ccedil, the). And decontextualized defense & ldquo; belonging” of citizens to the city can create a false identity, since it does not necessarily find support on concrete bases.

The proximity between the citizen and the government is due to stimuli and channels of political contact, that is, occurs especially through the design, development and implementation of public policies.

Thus, the international performance of cities, case seeks to overcome the limits of the & ccedil; & atilde, the government and set up as a a & ccedil; & atilde; the State, should seek their consolidates & ccedil; & atilde, in the format of a pol & iacute; tica p & uacute; Republic, which means having a greater openness to participate & ccedil; & atilde, the civil society, al & eacute; m to seek long-term goals and s & atilde; directed to the improvement of conditions & ccedil; & otilde; es of life of the population & ccedil; & atilde, the.

originally published in:
magazine Author (www.revistaautor.com.br)
If & ccedil; & atilde, the International
Yes V, n 54, December 2005

About The Author

Post-doctorate in Territorial Competitiveness and Creative Industries, by Dinâmia - Center for the Study of Socioeconomic Change, of Sciences of the Institute of Labor and Enterprise (ISCTE, Lisboa, Portugal). PhD in International Relations from the University of Brasilia (2007); Master in Political Science from the University of São Paulo (2001); and a degree in International Relations from the Catholic University of São Paulo (1998). Academic Director of ESPM-SP graduation and Head of International Office.

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