Cooperation internacionale the debate between Realists and Liberals

The objective of this test & eacute; recover some id & eacute; ias that arise in discussions between Royalists and Liberals, especially around the theme of cooperation & ccedil; & atilde, the. The aim is to present some cr & iacute; typical well as poss & iacute; MOBILE forwarding thereof from a certain current. both, more than dealing with research projects, be & HAND addressed the question & otilde; s linked & worse; ci & philosophy ecirc; INSTANCE (especially epistemol & COLLISION gicas and ontol & COLLISION gicas) and that can help to clarify some discussion & otilde; es.

epistemologically, the challenge that & oacute; ethics of the State as an actor unit & aacute; rio and rational passes facing the & uacute; FULL EXTENT d & eacute; ed (globalization & ccedil; & atilde, the, increased ecirc & interdependent; nce econ & FLYING; mica, new issues on the international agenda) rests on the perception & ccedil; & atilde; the that s & atilde companies; the units pol & iacute; integrated optical and social, fitting implement such governments uni & HAND it when the n & HAND exists the. Thus, the state presents itself as the intermediary & aacute; rio from the din & acirc; mica gift & eacute; stica and the international system. Following this racioc & iacute; nio a perspective orthodox, when you have the quest & atilde; the safety & ccedil; how central to determining & ccedil; & atilde; that of the ccedil &; & otilde; es and strategy & eacute; gies adopted by the state in the international system, this gets a din & acirc; & mica turned worse; need for control of the & ldquo; Interferon & ecirc; TRENDS” quest & otilde, international es in question & otilde; s gift & eacute; sticas. Therefore, while & eacute; poss & iacute; vel explain, yet this perspective, state behavior in a cen & aacute; loss of control of river absolute on quest & otilde; s econ order & FLYING; mica (low politics), the same n & atilde; the & eacute; seen in areas such as state-pol & iacute; tico (high politics). This is because the premises of state autonomy with regard & ccedil; & atilde; the & aggravate; society and coer & ecirc; INSTANCE in execution & ccedil; & atilde; the pol & iacute; s & atilde external ethics; the ontol & oacute order; gene for Realistic prospects.

Relying once again this perspective, it follows that the international structure present if- & aacute; constant varies with some & ccedil; & otilde; s poss & iacute; LEVELS in the international system (unipolaridade, bipolarity and multipolarity). An á analyzes as developed near the end of the Cold War, the n & atilde, the present the & ldquo; & atilde forecasts; the” the collapse of this international system, They have shown great weakness of the anal ability & iacute; tica prospects offered by Realistic. In this sense, a major cr & iacute; optical raised to this outlook is & aacute; for his alleged inability to handle change & ccedil; in the structure of the international system, as well as analytically manage the growing complexity of the international agenda Contemporáneo & acirc; nea (now substantially filled with quest & otilde; s exceeding l & oacute; gene State, as is discussed above). Such a perspective part of a reading that realizes the realistic theory as totalizing, that is, able to explain, from their premises and hip & oacute; ontol & oacute theses; gicas, All fen & FLYING; fewer international. However, it should be noted that realism & eacute; a theory problem-solving. In this sense, she accepts the world as it appears, with its conflicts and you & otilde; es pol & iacute; optical, given as a picture of the & ccedil; HANDS, the. In this sense, the goal of a theory with this profile & eacute; quest to understand the operation of & otilde; es previously identified. Thus, Quest & otilde; es to be analyzed are & HAND the separate blocks ecirc & cong; neres, which are & HAND the analysis itself and from him. While such a perspective strengthens the ability anal & iacute; tica to allow greater precision & atilde; the object of study (since the other quest & otilde; s that may have some influ & ecirc; marginal INSTANCE in s & atilde object, the ignored), it presents problems when one intends an á wider and complex lysis, for which n & atilde; it was developed instrumental.

The new challenges that sometimes arise for the States and for the pr & oacute; prio international system (new issues to the international agenda) T & ecirc; m your standard & otilde; es identified in accordance with the reading you & oacute; rich that are to do. The problem á the optical cooperates MAKE-HANDS, the unfolding of this discussion appears as HANDS, the, al & eacute; m & allow better understanding HAND the modus operandi the realistic perspective. Among the main distinction & ccedil; & otilde; es between the realistic image and Pluralistic (especially in its version & atilde, the liberal) are á the prospect of cooperation & ccedil; & atilde, the. As for the first to cooperate & ccedil; & atilde; s & oacute; It occurs in relative terms (the end of the process, the proportionality of the power asymmetry must be preserved by all parties who participated in the cooperation & ccedil; & atilde, the), for the second h & aacute; cooperates & ccedil; & atilde; whenever there is the absolute gains (provided that each party gains range exceeding the necessary costs & aacute; rivers cooperates & ccedil; & atilde, the, this tender & aacute; to occur).

When a magnet á this problem lysis á optical & eacute; extended to all fields of the relationship & ccedil; & otilde; s International, the realistic argument faces some problems sustains & ccedil; & atilde; the EMP & iacute; rich, further that protects the sustainability R & oacute; gene of claims MAKE-HANDS, the (both a vis & HAND realistic cl á ssica – taking human nature as its base –, when a vis & atilde, the neo-realist – having the international system as a condition of state behavior). However, having in mind the need to put the claims MAKE-HANDS; Realistic within its pre & oacute; te & oacute prize table; Rich, the argument back to gain in explanatory power and, therefore, emp RIVER rich.

The cr & iacute; liberal optics usually focus on emerg & ecirc; INSTANCE of econ & FLYING structure; tamarin production that exceeds the state and that makes this, sometimes, seek absolute gains in their cooperative processes. such a perspective, cr & placed as iacute, the optical realism, It is failed to the extent that bypasses j á cited premise ontol & oacute; gica the autonomy of the state with regard & ccedil; & atilde; the & aggravate; society, unfolding in the MAKE-HANDS, the high e low politics. A realistic perspective n & HAND denies the import & acirc; & nce quest otilde; is & FLYING econ; micas, However, these stresses are & HAND & aggravate the subject; R & oacute; gene of safety MAKE-a. In this sense, the contradiction & ccedil; & atilde, which exist between the absolute and relative gains n & atilde, the actually exist, but only when s & atilde, the mixed ontol & oacute premises; gene from different perspectives you & oacute; rich. The absolute gain in quest & otilde; s & linked worse; s low politics s & HAND the explic á LEVELS within R & oacute; gene realistic, & iacute and understanding; exist & ecirc its level, and at INSTANCE & eacute; same support from the United; However, this can only occur if such absolute gains n & atilde; signify the changes & ccedil; & otilde; es in the yield table of distribution & ccedil; & otilde; s like & eacute; intrigues of power in the international system, that is, changes & ccedil; & atilde, the gains relative in question & otilde; es high politics. Perhaps one of the most clear examples in this direction is the r & aacute; fast progress over full & ccedil; & atilde; econ & FLYING; Mica pa & iacute; European ses, accompanied by a slow and problem & aacute; tica integrates & ccedil; & atilde; in the & aacute; area safety & ccedil; e pol & iacute; tica common foreign. While European countries have a certain facility to deal with the deepening of interdepend & ecirc; INSTANCE econ & FLYING; mica, in quest & otilde; goods es sens & iacute; MOBILE and safety & ccedil, the collective system is still s & eacute; holiday & ccedil limits; & otilde; es, to & eacute; m being baseado, in & uacute; last & inst acirc; INSTANCE, is in MAKE-armed each Member State.

In a certain way, this trend & ecirc; INSTANCE of conflu & ecirc; INSTANCE acr & iacute; tica ontol premises & oacute; gene results from pre & oacute; Pria R & oacute; gene development of the course of the relationship & ccedil; & otilde; international s, which causes the v á holiday prospects you & oacute; rich, more than keep a di á logo together – in which the parties interaction & ccedil; & atilde; they understand the perspective of its counterpart –, are presented as a motion area MAKE-HANDS, the positions of the other theories. Thus, the inv & eacute; s get a di á logo of sophisticated & ccedil; & atilde, anal & iacute; tica from a larger study and complex, seeks to show the advantages of adopting a perspective with regard & ccedil; & atilde; the other. The result of this din & acirc; mica est & aacute; the need to refuse all instruments developed by a perspective, over another. Thus, in most cases, the cr & iacute; optical elaborated by a group end up being proje & ccedil; & otilde; assumptions es pr & oacute; Pippen in hip & oacute; theses from other perspectives you & oacute; rich.

Assuming the Royalists that international & eacute system; an á rquico and always have & aacute; this character & iacute; n & stica atilde; implies that the n & atilde; there are ways to get the international arrangements that reduce the insecurity MAKE-state[1]. It just means that the fact that n & atilde, the be a central government able to determine and enforce a set of rules guaranteeing cooperates & ccedil; & atilde, the between members (org & acirc form; nica ou mec & acirc; nica, to retrieve a Durkheimian perspective), It makes the United n & atilde, the fully trust their partners, By & eacute; m & n so HAND disorder means that the pass á conform to all behaviors and that cooperates & ccedil; & atilde, the living & aacute; constantly limited. Added to this, to exist & ecirc; INSTANCE of a supranational government n & atilde, would serve only to implement & ccedil; & atilde, the rules of these, also & eacute; m would be designed to avoid the use of viol & ecirc; INSTANCE between members. Thus, he, on the one hand, & ecirc the Inexist; INSTANCE a supranational government limits are & iacute; cooperative modules, for another, & ecirc the Inexist; INSTANCE of an entity capable of limiting the use of viol & ecirc; INSTANCE causes also states & eacute; m seek ways to reduce the threat & ccedil constant, the hovering over them. & Eacute; in this sense that s & atilde, the developed concepts like safety & ccedil; collective e solution MAKE-HANDS; pac & iacute; stands controv & eacute; rsias.

In this sense, the perception & ccedil; & atilde; the state in the international system perspective differs in vis & otilde; s realistic and Liberal. While liberals (especially the liberal-institutionalist) interpret the ccedil &; & atilde; state as atom & iacute; stica, that is, States would worry only with absolute gains, insofar as they seek to maximize their position & ccedil; & otilde; es, independently of the others; for Realistic h á a positional perspective, wherein h á one worries & ccedil; & atilde; the United both your gains and with gains in other states and that can impact on change & ccedil; the sist & ecirc; mica or even structural. With this, the & cooperates ccedil; & otilde; interstate & iacute s are present, different modules and constraints on each of the perspectives, more easily by connecting to a search for absolute gains in the case of a & ccedil; & otilde; es atom & iacute; & sticas and worse; search for relative gains in the case of the ccedil &; & otilde; s positional. For this same purpose, to properly understand each perspective, & Eacute; necessary & aacute; rio check whether the & ccedil; & atilde, the cooperative has some links & ccedil; & atilde; with this discussion & atilde, the, Since, when n & atilde; have it, the use of the concept of cooperative MAKE-HANDS, the absolute and relative becomes inaplic á level.

In this sense, it has to be a concern & ccedil; & atilde; the United safely & ccedil; to be & aacute; greater the larger the turns & ccedil; & otilde; es in states that present with a greater potential conflictive. Returning to a point raised above, the subject of cooperates MAKE-HANDS, the analysis must also be & eacute; m in this light. That is, not even cooperates & ccedil; & atilde; the relative & eacute gains; Auto & aacute; tica in realistic perspective, j á which can be directly linked & aggravate; threats & ccedil, to which the parties have each other, and increasing the insecurity MAKE-states between the, n & atilde, allowing the establishment of conditions & ccedil; & otilde; s necessary á holiday for the effective establishment of a cooperative process.

Thus, it should be noted that interprets & ccedil; & otilde; s you & oacute; rich offer anal instruments & iacute; ticos limited when you think a general perspective, By & eacute; s & m to HAND the tendon able to explain some & ecirc; and & TRENDS ccedil; & otilde; s within a certain limit. Important, therefore, is to identify the pair & acirc; & oacute ontol meters; gicos and epistemol & oacute; gene of each theory in order to better understand the reading that this is a given reality.